![]() ![]() This means they implement sensors (oftentimes Hall Effect sensors) to sense the position of the shaft at any given time, and pulse-width-modulation (PWM) and other circuit controllers to switch the current to each winding at the right time. These motors rely on electronic commutation to function. By adjusting the magnitude and direction of current flow through the stator, operators can generate a range of speeds and torques, all synchronous to the input frequency. While not producing a truly rotating magnetic field, electronic commutation gives the operator exact control over the effective motor speed, which is something induction motors and other AC designs cannot do. This is similar to how AC current creates a rotating magnetic field in AC motors, except that BLDC motors use DC current and electronically switches the current back and forth in each pole, simulating AC phases. Designers have cleverly created electronic commutators that power the stator poles around the rotor on and off in sequence, thus leading the rotor around and causing rotation on the output shaft. When any given stator coil (or “pole”) is energized, the rotor will align its constant magnetic field to it in simpler terms, the rotor will be attracted to any powered pole in the stator. The stator contains coils which induce a magnetic field when a current is passed through them. ![]() How do BLDC Motors Work?īLDC motors are different than other DC motors in that their rotor contains no coils, and is simply made of a permanent magnet. ![]() They sport a simple design, longer lifetime than brushed models, higher output torque, and are found in many products such as car windows, vacuum machines, fans, and more. They spin with a frequency proportional to this current, meaning they are a type of synchronous motor and have an edge over asynchronous designs such as induction motors in this respect (more information on asynchronous motors can be found in our article all about induction motors). By doing so, the speed of rotation can be altered by simply adjusting the magnitude and direction of the current in the stator coils, and there is no need for brushes or mechanical commutators. They do this by utilizing permanent magnets on their rotor, which are magnetically attracted to the powered coil windings in the stator. Instead, they are electrically commutated that is, they leverage the physics of electromagnetism to impart torque on their output shaft. A BLDC motor differs from a brushed DC motor in that, unsurprisingly, they do not use brushes and commutator rings. What are Brushless DC (BLDC) Motors?īLDC motors are a close cousin of the permanent magnet motor, brushed DC motor, and synchronous motor, and share many of the same functional principles (further reading can be found in our articles all about permanent magnet and synchronous motors). Using this guide, readers will have a better idea as to when to choose one of these motors, and how to specify them for any given project. ![]() This article will explore the basic functionality of a BLDC motor design, how it works to create power, and what are the best applications for this class of motors. One such design is the brushless DC (BLDC) motor -an advancement on the common DC motor- and uses many principles from AC motors to generate precise, powerful torque. These highly useful machines have gone through extensive diversification due to the discoveries of recent years, and now come in many varieties based on power supply, mechanism of action, and application. Generating motion from electricity is possible in large part to the invention of the electric motor. ![]()
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